Here's a question that should keep toy executives up at night: What happens when you build a company around one beloved franchise for nearly four decades, and then someone decides not to renew the lease?
Playmates Toys Ltd. (0869.HK) is about to find out. The Hong Kong toymaker announced last week that its licensing agreement for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles won't be renewed when it expires on December 31, 2026. That's the end of a 37-year relationship that transformed Playmates from a regional manufacturer into what was once the world's most profitable toy company.
The market's reaction was swift and painful. Shares tanked 14.7% to HK$0.435 on the first trading day after the announcement, pushing the year-to-date decline to 30%. Turns out investors really don't like it when you lose the franchise that occasionally represents 95% of your toy sales.
From Toy King to Struggling Survivor
The story of Playmates reads like a classic Hong Kong manufacturing tale. Sam Chan Tai-ho, an entrepreneur from Shantou in Guangdong province, founded the company in 1966 in Hong Kong's industrial Tuen Mun district. Playmates first hit it big with Cabbage Patch Kids dolls during the 1980s U.S. craze, but the real magic happened in 1987 when it secured global master toy rights for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
Two years later, Golden Harvest Pictures' live-action "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" film turned those four fighting figurines into a cultural juggernaut. Playmates' profits exploded more than tenfold to HK$1.21 billion ($156 million) the following year. Chan earned the nickname "Father of the Ninja Turtles," and Forbes crowned Playmates as the world's most profitable toy company, the first in its class to surpass $100 million in annual profit.
The 2014 Hollywood reboot drove toy sales to a record HK$2.16 billion, with Ninja products accounting for 95% of that total. Those were the glory days.
The Numbers Tell a Brutal Story
Fast forward to 2025, and the picture looks decidedly grimmer. Playmates' overall revenue collapsed 58% year-over-year in the first half to HK$186 million. The company swung from a HK$91.46 million profit a year earlier to a HK$25.61 million loss. Revenue from licensed products, which had surged from just 8% of total sales in 2021 to 77% in 2023, fell back to 36% in the first half of 2025.
What went wrong? According to Playmates, the first half of 2025 saw an absence of major new entertainment content for its core licensed brands, particularly the Turtles. No new live-action or animated films means no reason for kids to beg their parents for new toys. Add in U.S. tariffs, rising mold and development costs, and product clearances, and you've got a perfect storm of margin compression. Gross margins fell from 56% to 43%, leaving less cushion to absorb shocks or negotiate favorable terms with IP partners.
The Licensing Model's Fatal Flaw
Here's the thing about building a business on licensed IP: you're completely dependent on someone else's promotional strategy. If the IP owner decides to take a year off from new content, or shifts focus to streaming over theatrical releases, your sales crater. You have minimal control over the single biggest driver of your revenue.
And IP holders have gotten a lot more demanding. They're no longer satisfied with a partner who can simply manufacture quality products. Now they want wide-ranging distribution networks, digital marketing prowess, and cross-category integration capabilities. Long-term partners who built their businesses in an earlier era, when manufacturing excellence was enough, suddenly find themselves struggling to meet new requirements.
A New Generation of Competition
Meanwhile, a wave of Chinese competitors has emerged with fundamentally different business models. Pop Mart (9992.HK) took the world by storm in 2025 with its Labubu franchise, proving that self-developed IP can generate massive returns. Bloks (0325.HK) produces Lego-style building toys using IPs with frequent updates. Miniso's (9896.HK; MNSO.US) Top Toy unit leverages a vast retail network of novelty stores to reach consumers directly.
These newer rivals mix self-developed and licensed IPs, giving them more control over their destinies. Playmates, by contrast, remains heavily dependent on traditional licensed toys from external partners. That's not just a competitive disadvantage. It's potentially existential if the Ninja Turtles IP owner decides to license those rights to one of Playmates' Chinese competitors after 2026.
What Comes Next?
Playmates says it will pursue new licensing opportunities while developing existing franchises like Power Rangers, MonsterVerse, and Winx. That's the right strategy in theory, but execution will be everything. The company can't afford to chase another single franchise and hope it becomes the next Turtles. Instead, it needs genuine diversification across multiple properties to reduce concentration risk.
The good news is that Playmates has real assets to work with. Decades of experience in manufacturing, mold-making, and global distribution provide a solid foundation. The company knows how to turn concepts into physical products that kids actually want to play with. Now it just needs to find the right content partners and convince them that Playmates offers more value than the younger, hungrier competition.
The transition period between now and the end of 2026 will be critical. Playmates needs to prove it can thrive without the Turtles before they officially swim away. Otherwise, investors might conclude that the "Father of the Ninja Turtles" built a company that never truly grew up beyond its most famous children.