When the news broke that Nicolás Maduro was on a plane to New York facing narco-terrorism charges, something interesting happened in the corners of the internet where people bet real money on geopolitical outcomes. Prediction markets didn't just react to Venezuela; they started frantically repricing political stability from Tehran to Havana.
The operation marked a rare moment when abstract political risk suddenly felt very concrete. If a longtime strongman could be detained and flown to face federal charges, what did that mean for other regimes the U.S. views as adversaries? Traders wanted to know, and they were willing to put money on the answer.
Iran Takes Center Stage
On Polymarket, more than $1 million poured into contracts tied to Iran's leadership on Tuesday alone. The market asking whether Khamenei would be out as Supreme Leader showed an 11% probability by the end of January, climbing to 34% by mid-2026 and hitting 47% by year-end. Those aren't trivial odds for the removal of one of the world's most entrenched leaders.
The anxiety spread to related scenarios. Bets on whether Israel would strike Iran by March 31, 2026 jumped to nearly 50-50 odds, up roughly 22 percentage points in a single day. Traders were clearly connecting dots between the Venezuela episode and broader escalation risks in the Middle East.
Who Runs Venezuela Now?
The question of who actually leads Venezuela going forward has become one of the most actively traded themes in prediction markets. A Polymarket contract tracking the country's leader by end of 2026 has pulled in nearly $895,000 in volume, a reflection of just how uncertain the succession path looks.
Interim President Delcy Rodríguez currently leads with a 44% implied probability. Opposition figures María Corina Machado, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, and Edmundo González follow at roughly 14% and 15%, respectively. Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino López sits near 7%. The wide spread suggests nobody has a clear read on what comes next, which makes sense given reporting that U.S. deliberations weighed "stability-first" options within the Venezuelan establishment.
Trump Adds Fuel to Cuba and Colombia Speculation
Trump's comments from Air Force One didn't exactly calm things down. Speaking to reporters, he said a military operation in Colombia "sounds good" and remarked that Cuba looks "ready to fall." On Monday, he elaborated that Cuba "could be next to fall," pointing to the island's heavy dependence on Venezuelan income and oil that may no longer be flowing.
The markets reacted accordingly. A Polymarket contract on whether Miguel Díaz-Canel would be out as President of Cuba by June 30 implied a 20% chance. Interestingly, that was actually down from 61% on January 3, when Maduro's capture first broke, suggesting some initial panic has cooled.
Colombia drew attention after Trump floated the idea of an "Operation Colombia" while criticizing left-leaning President Gustavo Petro. Markets now price roughly a 15% chance Petro is removed by end-June, though that probability climbs to as high as 95% by year-end. Whether that reflects actual intelligence or just vibes from Trump's rhetoric is anyone's guess.
What's clear is that Maduro's capture changed how traders think about political risk. Regime change scenarios that seemed abstract last week now have real money behind them, and the volumes suggest this isn't just a few speculators making noise. Whether these probabilities prove prophetic or wildly off base, they offer a fascinating window into how quickly geopolitical assumptions can shift.